![]() ![]() Similar to the excitation of atoms in dielectronic recombination, where an ion captures a free electron leading to the excitation of the atom, the NEEC is a process in which an ion captures a free electron leading to the resonance excitation of atomic nuclei, which can then be de-excited by emitting γ-ray or IC electrons. The principle of NEEC is shown in Figure 1A. The concept of NEEC was first proposed by V.I. NEEC is the inverse process of the internal conversion (IC). Therefore, the potential effective nuclear excitation mechanism of electron coupling in atoms has been considered, especially the NEEC process. Some of the more in-depth studies, such as CE and direct γ-photon absorption, their excitation probability is relatively low. The latter includes nuclear excitation by electron capture (NEEC), nuclear excitation by electronic transition (NEET) and electron bridge (EB). How to effectively excite the nucleus from the ground state to the isomeric state involves Coulomb excitation (CE), photoabsorption, multi-photon excitation, and atomic processes related to electron-nucleus interaction. In order to advance applications in the field of nuclear isomers, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms for exciting or de-exciting them. Nuclear isomers, being meta-stable states of nuclei, have a profound impact on various fields including nuclear structure models, nuclear astrophysics, nuclear lasers, nuclear batteries, nuclear clocks, fine structure measurement, and more. The proposed scheme may result in the confirmation of the existence of NEEC, and can also be used to study atomic nuclear excitation related processes. Our calculations show that the total rates of NEEC production for some nuclei can reach over 0.1/s, which is higher than these from other mechanisms like CE. In an EBIT, highly charged ions are bombarded by an electron beam, which can result in excitation of the nuclei in the trap through mechanisms such as NEEC and Coulomb excitation (CE), etc. In this study, we propose an experimental scheme to examine the NEEC process using an electron beam ion trap (EBIT). Despite being proposed over 50 years ago, direct experimental evidence of NEEC is yet elusive. The nuclear excitation by electron capture (NEEC) mechanism is considered to be one of the most effective ways to excite nuclear isomers. Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (Ministry of Education), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.Yumiao Wang † Zhiguo Ma Yi Yang Changbo Fu* † Wanbing He* † Yugang Ma ![]()
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